What is Timolol?
Timolol is used to treat chronic simple glaucoma, wide-angle glaucoma, and increased intraocular pressure.
Timolol blocks beta-adrenergic receptors and reduces fluid production in the eye. This medicine may increase the flow of fluid out of the eye.
The onset of action of the drug is 30 minutes and the time to reach the maximum effect is 1-2 hours after use. The duration of the effect is 24 hours. Some drugs may also be systemically absorbed.
Contraindications
In bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease, cardiogenic shock, heart block and sinus bradycardia should not be used.
Side effects of Timolol
Eye: Burning sensation, eye irritation
Cardiovascular: angina pectoris, bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, cerebral ischemia, cerebrovascular events, lameness, cold extremities, edema, heart block, hypertension, hypotension, palpitations, Raynaud’s phenomenon
Central nervous system: forgetfulness, anxiety, confusion, depression, disorientation, dizziness, drowsiness, exacerbation of myasthenia gravis, hallucinations, headache, insomnia, anger, nightmares, limb drowsiness
Skin: Hair loss, exacerbation of psoriasis, pemphigus-like ulcer, psoriasis-like lesions, skin rash, urticaria
Endocrinology and metabolism: hypoglycemia (latent), decreased libido
Gastrointestinal: anorexia, diarrhea, indigestion, nausea, dry mouth
Genitourinary: Weakness, pyrene, peritoneal fibrosis
Hypersensitivity: Angioedema, hypersensitivity reaction
Neuromuscular and musculoskeletal: systemic lupus erythematosus
Ocular: Inflammation of the eyelid, drooping eyelid, blurred vision, cataract, choroidal detachment (following filtration surgery), conjunctival enlargement, conjunctivitis, macular cystoid edema, decreased corneal sensitivity, decreased visual acuity, diplopia, ocular discharge, itching, itching Eye, foreign body sensation in the eye, congestion of the eye, keratitis (inflammation of the cornea), tearing, visual disturbances (such as refractive changes), dry eye
Ear: tinnitus
Respiratory: bronchospasm, cough, shortness of breath, nasal congestion, pulmonary edema, respiratory failure
Drug Interactions
CYP2D6 substrate
Exacerbation of bradycardia
Intensify the antihypertensive effect
Category X Interactions (Avoidance)
Beta 2 agonists, fexinidazole, fluctafenine, rivastigmine
Reducing the effects of drugs by timolol:
Beta-2 agonists, theophylline derivatives
Reducing the effects of timolol by drugs:
Barbiturates, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Peg interferon alfa-2b, Rifamycin derivatives
Increased effects of drugs by timolol:
Alpha-1 blockers, alpha-2 agonists, antipsychotic agents (phenothiazines), bradycardic drugs, bupivacaine, cardiac glycosides, seritinib, cholinergic agonists, disopyramide, epinephrine, nasopharyngeal Ergot, Faxinidazole, Fingolimod, Allergenic plant pollen extract (5 herb extract), Insulins, Ivabradine, Lacosamide, Lidocaine (topical and systemic), Mipivacaine, Methacholine, Prehexilin, Siponimur, Sulfur
Increased effects of timolol by drugs:
Abiratron acetate, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, ajmaline, alpha-2 agonists, anti-malarial aminoquinolines, amiodarone, antipsychotic agents (phenothiazines), assonapir, calcium channel blockers (moderate) , Dacomitinib, daronavir, dipyridamole, disopyramide, drondarone, fluoxetine, imatinib, lomfantrin, methoxyflurane, midodrine, nifedipine, panobinostat, peg interferon alfa-2b, rohebin, absorbent, rifenapine, rosin, propafenone, rosin Serotonin, trilipressin, tofacitinib
Food interference:
has not been stated.
Warnings Timolol
- In bronchitis, emphysema of lung disease, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia and hyperthyroidism should be prescribed with caution.
- In case of light sensitivity, use sunglasses and avoid exposure to light.
- Use with caution during any surgery, including dental surgery or emergency treatment.
- It may mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia, such as an increased heart rate.
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